中文摘要：

硬化蛋白（Sclerostin,SOST）主要由骨细胞特异性表达,是骨形成的负性调节因子。甲状旁腺激素和雌激素抑制SOST基因表达,转录因子Osterix、Runx2和Mef2c促进SOST基因表达,而转录因子Sirt1负调控SOST表达。此外,SOST基因表达还受DNA甲基化和microRNA等表观遗传学调控。SOST基因突变可引起骨硬缩症和Van Buchem病,与骨质疏松症相关联。Wnt和BMP是骨代谢调节的两个重要信号途径,SOST可通过结合BMP的Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型受体和Wnt的共受体LRP5/6分别抑制BMP和Wnt信号途径来调控成骨细胞分化和骨形成。抑制SOST为骨质疏松症的治疗提供了新的途径。文章综述了SOST基因的结构、功能、表达调控、与人类疾病的关系、调节骨代谢的机制及其临床应用前景。

英文摘要：

Sclerostin（SOST）, mainly expressed in osteocytes, is a negative regulator of bone formation. Hormones PTH and E2 inhibit the expression of the SOST gene. Transcription factors Osterix, Runx2, and Mef2c promote the SOST expression, while Sirtl negatively regulates the SOST expression. In addition, the expression of the SOST gene is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and microRNA. Mutations in the SOST gene, which cause sclerosteosis and Van Buchem diseases, are associated with osteoporosis. Wnt and BMP are two important signaling pathways in bone metabolic regulation. SOST can regulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation by binding type Ⅰ/Ⅱ receptors and co-receptor LRP5/6 to inhibit BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Suppression of SOST provides a new approach for osteoporosis treatment. This review covers the structure, function and expression regulation of the SOST gene, human disease association, mechanism in the regulation of bone metabolism and prospect in clinical application.