中文摘要：

原位、实时、在线、非破坏、高通量、低耗损的质谱学方法是质谱分析技术发展的重要趋势。在无需样品预处理的条件下对复杂基体样品中痕量待测物直接离子化技术的出现,极大地提高了质谱分析的效率,使实际样品的快速质谱分析成为可能。本文着重综述了能够在无需样品预处理情况下对复杂基体样品离子化的新兴质谱技术及其应用研究,系统阐述了直接离子化技术的基本原理和方法,介绍了几种典型的常压直接离子化技术和装置,对直接离子化质谱分析技术在食品、药品、环境、活体分析、代谢组学、蛋白质组学以及生物组织质谱成像等领域的典型应用进行了述评,讨论了提高复杂样品快速质谱分析选择性的可能方法,并展望了常压直接离子化技术未来发展的可能趋势。

英文摘要：

Ambient mass spectrometry is of increasing interest due to its remarkable features for direct analysis of complex samples with high sensitivity,high specificity and high throughput. Actual samples,even raw biological samples,can be directly analyzed with no or minimal sample pretreatment by using the advanced ambient ionization techniques. In this tutorial study,the fundamental working modes,the principles of ambient ion production,instrumentation and applications of typical ambient ionization techniques have been reviewed,giving emphases on the theoretical modes illustrating the working mechanism of various ionization techniques. The important progresses in food analysis,pharmaceutical analysis,environmental analysis,in vivo analysis,metabonomics studies,proteomics studies and ambient MS imaging have been systematically discussed,which show a clear trend that the development of ambient MS has being accelerated by the urgent practical need to detect trace compounds in matrices with high analysis speed. Moreover,the perspectives of these techniques have been exemplified using cases demonstrated in the literature.