中文摘要：

细沟侵蚀形态的准确测量对解释坡面侵蚀产沙机理、促进侵蚀预报模型发展具有重要意义。基于线结构光技术在实验室可移动水槽上设计了方便组装拆卸、扫描配置灵活、亚毫米级精度的细沟侵蚀形态快速测量系统,摄像机-激光器夹角、扫描速度灵活可调。本研究中,有效测量范围为4.6 m×1.0 m,当摄像机-激光器夹角为25°、扫描速度为10 mm/s时,横断面方向、扫描方向、垂直方向实测分辨率平均分别为0.44 mm、0.50 mm、0.51mm,横断面、垂直方向测量值绝对误差平均值分别为0.22 mm、0.16 mm,测量性能优于前人研究结果。同时,坡面细沟测量实例表明本系统测量结果准确、可靠,在土壤侵蚀相关领域中具有较高的实用价值。

英文摘要：

The rapid and precise measurement of rill erosion morphology is extremely essential for understanding the hillslope hydrological processes and soil erosion modeling. Measuring surface microtopography is the first and foremost. This paper proposed and designed an easy assembling and flexible configuring laser scanner system with large effective area,sub-millimeter precision and quick data collecting. With the help of Halcon,Matlab and Arc GIS,we implemented the scanner with a 4. 6 m × 1. 0 m scanning area,resolution and precisions better than 0. 50 mm,which is better than previous research. For instance,the average relative error for height and width measurement are 0. 61% and 0. 56%,the average absolute error measured in cross and vertical direction are 0. 03 ~ 0. 51 mm and 0. 10 ~ 0. 88 mm with an average of 0. 16 mm and 0. 22 mm,respectively.（ See Fig. 3 ~ 5 for details）. Besides,the compare with classic pin method implied an excellent accuracy and reliability with a linear fitting coefficient of 0. 997（ Eq. 1） and 95. 16% frequency percentage of relative error between ± 20 mm. Further work may focus on the integration of data processing,quantification of rill morphological indexes and the application of the effect of sediment transportation on soil erosion.