中文摘要：

博士生教育的需求分为对博士生的需求和对博士毕业生的需求两种类型。博士生是我国科研的重要力量，随着高校研发经费的快速增长，各博士培养单位都希望进一步扩大博士生招生名额。地方高校则希望通过扩大博士培养规模来提升学校的学术声誉和地位。从博士毕业生的需求来看，全国新增教师中录用研究生学历者的数量呈缓慢下降趋势，在全球化的学术劳动力市场中，“985”高校对国内应届博士毕业生的需求呈下降趋势，创新型企业的缺乏制约了其对博士毕业生的需求，其年均博士毕业生需求约为6000人。要化解博士生需求和博士毕业生需求的不一致性，必须建立起灵活的调节机制，同时为博士生就业提供更加宽广的出口，包括扩大博士后、专职科研工作者的规模，引导博士毕业生到企业就业，等等。

英文摘要：

The demand of doctoral education is divided into two types, namely the demand for doctoral students and the demand for doctoral graduates. With the rapid growth of university R＆D funds, doctoral students have become an important force in scientific research. Thus, each department that can grant PhD are hoping to further expand doctoral students enrollment. Regional universities are looking forward to enhancing academic reputation and status through expanding the scale of doctoral students. From the perspective of the demand of doctoral graduates, the number of recruitment of new teachers with graduate degree shows a slow downward trend; in the global academic labor market,and domestic doctoral graduates are not as attractive as they used to be; insufficient innovative companies limit their potential to hire doctoral graduates, whose annual demand is about 6000 doctoral graduates. In order to solve demand and doctoral graduates demand, flexible coordinating the inconsistency between the doctoral students mechanism must be established, and at the same time providing broader channels for doctoral graduates employment, including expanding the size of postdoctoral researchers and full-time scientific researchers and guiding doctoral graduates to work in enterorise.