中文摘要：

基于对偶模型理论，从公平性、稳定性和可扩展性三个方面结合多个发展线索，对因特网拥塞控制研究的发展和近况进行综述，并阐释和辨析了一些重要概念和算法，如网络拥塞控制算法的公平性概念，基于窗口调整和基于速率调整的端节点算法，调度算法与主动队列管理算法，端节点算法、中间节点算法与对偶模型理论中原始算法、对偶算法及原始一对偶算法的对应关系，基于速率和基于队列的中间节点算法。对这一研究领域的最新研究成果作了更全面的分析和更深层次的理解。最后指出了几个有意义的研究方向。

英文摘要：

The survey was made on the recent researches of Internet congestion control, exploring mainly the fairness, stability and scalability of the congestion control schemes in the framework of duality model theory, according to several diverse clues of the development of these schemes. Many important concepts and algorithms were clarified such as the fairness of a network congestion control algorithm, the window-based and rate-based end-to-end congestion control algorithms, scheduling algorithms and active queue management （ AQM ） algorithms, the relationship between end-to-end congestion control algorithms, routerbased congestion control algorithms and primal algorithms, dual algorithms, primal-dual algorithms in the duality model, rate- based and queue-based AQM. This paper was intended to help researchers to get richer viewpoints from and better understanding to any further development in this field in the future. Finally some interesting questions worth the efforts were pointed out.