中文摘要：

近10年来恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病位居我国城市人口死亡原因的前3位。由于缺乏有效的预防和控制方法，恶性肿瘤目前是人群平均寿命之前死亡的主要原因。探索恶性肿瘤的危险因素以及发生和发展规律应是现代医学研究的重点。以社区为基础的恶性肿瘤流行病研究是准确确定各种恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率及其变化趋势；评价我国社会恶性肿瘤疾病负担；探索病因及其进化规律；开展针对性疾病预防和评价治疗效果的基础。在恶性肿瘤的病因研究中，重点是环境危险因素和遗传易感性的动态交互作用，并在以社区为基础的队列研究中进一步确定病因，探索早发现和早诊断的关键生物学标记物。社区为基础的群体医学研究在评价医学干预对癌症生存影响方面具有独有的优势。加强社区医学基础建设在降低恶性肿瘤发生率，提高生存质量方面具有重要公共卫生意义。

英文摘要：

Malignant diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and heart diseases have ranked the top 3 causes of death in urban China over the past decade. Due to lack of effective prevention and control method, malignant diseases are currently the major cause of death prior to the average life span in China. A focus of modern medicine is to explore the risk factors and the progression of malignant diseases. Community-based epidemiological research on malignancies lays a foundation for accurately determining the incidences, mortalities, and their changes, assessing disease burden of malignancies, exploring the etiological factors and their evolutionary rule, conducting pertinent prophylaxis, and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. The key for etiological research of malignant diseases is to understand the dynamic interactions between environmental risk factors and the genetic susceptibility. The etiological factors and important biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant diseases should be further verified in community-based cohort studies. Community-based population medical research possesses particular advantages in evaluating the effect of clinical interventions on survival of patients with malignancies. Enforcement of community- based population medicine is of great public health significance in reducing the incidence and improving the survival of patients with malignant diseases.