中文摘要：

以科学史观的视角和历史地理学的研究方法，归纳了黄土高原原始村落分布的地理特征，即：分布在原生黄土区，坐落于河谷台地上，缘水而居促进了文化交流；概括出原始聚落沿等高线和与等温线迁移以及与黄河流向相一致的规律；从沟渠与农田水利、土壤环境建设和水土保持措施三个方面阐述了原始居民对黄土高原生存环境的有益改造。研究认为，从原始居民对黄土高原生存环境的选择与改造的史实中，我们能够找到可资借鉴的思想与经验，那些尊重、顺应自然规律的传统观念对于现今环境建设仍有启示意义和借鉴价值．

英文摘要：

From the scientific perspective on development and based on the method of historical geography, this paper summarizes the regularities of geographical distribution of primitive villages on the Loess Plateau in northwest China. These regularities include： distributing on the primary loess area and locating on the valley steps and along rivers to facilitate cultural exchange and communication. It also outlines a law that primitive residents migrated according to the isotherm and contour line and the flow of the Huanghe River. The idea that primitive people have done beneficial remaking to the loess plateau and their living environment is duo to a consideration of the following： the construction of canals, water conservancy in farm field, soil environment maintaining and improving. In the author＇s opinion, the facts show clearly that the traditional concept which primitive residents complied with natural law is also worthy and enlightening to environment construction today.