中文摘要：

极化细胞的极性分布和功能行使，需要不同机制相互协作，改变胞内蛋白的运输和分布，并对环境变化做出极性应激。内皮细胞（endothelialcells，ECs）是一类具有极性特征的单层特化上皮细胞，在结构和功能上形成面向血液的顶端区域（apicalmembranedomain）和面向下方平滑肌细胞的基底侧区域（basolateralmembranedomain）。内皮功能障碍和细胞极性丢失，与心血管疾病及癌症的发生紧密相关。在炎症和免疫应答中，内皮细胞通过胞内蛋白的持续分选维持极性，协助血液中大分子跨过内皮屏障完成生理功能，同时，对血液或组织中的生理变化做出极性应答。

英文摘要：

The polarized distribution of functions in polarized cells requires the coordinated interaction of multiple mechanisms, such as intracellular protein trafficking, asymmetry distribution and polarized responds to extracellular changes. Endothelial cells （ECs） are monolayer of specialized epithelia with polarity, showing structurally and functionally distinct apical domain orienting toward blood and basolateral domain facing smooth muscle cells. Endothelial dysfunction and defects in polarity are closely associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer. In inflammation and immune response, endothelial cells maintain their polarization through continual intracellular protein sorting, facilitate the transcellular transport of macromolecules in blood across endothelial barrier and show polarized responds to physiological change in blood or interstitial fluid.