中文摘要：

摘要摇蚊哑化石为摇蚊幼虫的儿丁质头壳，可以完好地保存在湖泊沉积物中，在古环境重建研究中具有自身的特点和优势，被越来越多的国内外学者重视。近年来，利用摇蚊亚化石头壳相继在长江中下游地区、肯藏高原区、新疆一内蒙半干旱区开展了摇蚊一环境因子关系研究，并以之为基础重建了区域占环境变化。长江中下游地区典型湖泊的营养盐演化定量重建结果表明，该地区营养本底相对较高，50～60μg／L总磷为该地区湖泊营养背景值，且80～110μg／L总磷为湖泊草一藻型生态转变的营养阈值；西北干旱区水文气候重建研究工作则证实该区域存在干旱的中世纪暖期和湿润的小冰期气候。我国不同湖区摇蚊幼虫一环境因子数据库的研究，丰富厂湖泊摇蚊幼虫生态学知识，提升了摇蚊亚化石在古环境、古气候信息解译中的应用能力。相比于国际同类研究，国内已建立的转换函数在推导能力上与欧美地区相当，但摇蚊亚化石分类体系与属种的生态属性研究尚需加强；此外，利用摇蚊亚化石在我国不同区域开展温度定量重建也有待推进。本文综述r我国在基于摇蚊亚化石的古环境重建和古生态学研究方面取得的现有成果，指出研究过程中存存的不足，进一步强调了摇蚊亚化石作为有效生物代用指标在我国湖泊沉积与环境演变研究中的重要作用和广阔前景。

英文摘要：

Chitinous head capsules of chironomid larvae can be well preserved in lacustrine sediments. Owing to its distinctive characteristics, subfossil chironomids has attracted increasing attentions of scientists for paleoenvironment reconstructions. In China, relationships between subfossil chironomids and environmental factors have been investigated continuously in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Tibetan Plateau and Semi-arid region of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Accordingly, and the regional climate changes records from these regions have been further reconstructed. At the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, quantitative reconstructions of nutrients changes from several typical lakes show a relatively higher background of nutrients, with total phosphorus concentrations of 50- 601xg/L as the regional background value, and 80- 1101xg/L as the threshold value for the ecological transition from macrophyte to algae dominant lakes. Studies for hydroclimate reconstructions in arid Northwestern China indicate a dry Medieval Warm Period and a wet Little Ice Age. The database about the relation between subfossil chironomids and environmental factors in different parts of China help to broaden our knowledge about the ecology of chironomids, and increase the ability for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Comparing with peer international scientists, the transfer functions we built have the equal quality with theirs. Our weakness lies in the taxonomy of subfossil chironomids and understanding about their ecological characteristics. In addition, quantitative temperature reconstructions in different parts of Chinese are necessary in the future. This paper sketches the available reports data and points out the deficiency in subfossil chironomids＇ application in paleoenvironmental reconstruction and paleoecology, aiming to highlight its significance and promising prospect of subfossil chironomids as an effective biological proxy in Chinese palaeolimnological and environmental change