中文摘要：

摘要：绝缘子人工污秽闪络试验3种常用的电气试验方法，包括均匀升压法、50％耐受电压法和最大耐受电压法。目前，国内外对试验方法影响绝缘子直流污闪特性的研究很少，该文基于人工气候室内7片染污瓷和玻璃绝缘子串fXP一160、XWP2—160、LXY4—160、LXHY3—160）直流闪络特征的测量，比较了3种电气试验方法下绝缘子串的直流污闪电压的差异。结果表明：试验方法对绝缘子的直流污闪电压有影响；对于相同类型的绝缘子，直流闪络电压与等值附盐密度（ESDD）拟合公式均满足负幂指数函数关系，与使用的电气试验方法无关。因此，可以根据试验的具体情况，选择适当的试验方法。

英文摘要：

There are three electrical testing methods frequently used, including average flashover voltage method, 50% withstand voltage method and maximum withstand voltage method in the insulator artificial pollution fiashover tests. At present, there is little research on DC pollution flashover characteristics of insulators among these methods at the home and abroad. Based on measurements of DC flashover characteristics of contaminated porcelain, glass insulator strings of 7 units （XP-160, XWP2-160, LXY4-160, LXHY3-160） in the artificial climate chamber, the differences on the DC flashover voltage of insulator strings were compared under three electrical testing methods in this paper. The tests show that there are some differences on the pollution flashover voltages using different methods. Moreover, the fitting formulas, which are simulated on DC flashover voltages at the various equivalent salt deposit densities （ESDD） for the same type of insulator, are consistent with various evaluation methods. So, the appropriate testing method can be selected according to the specific testing circumstances.