中文摘要：

miRNA是一类长度为19~24 nt的内源性非编码小分子RNA,主要通过抑制mRNA的翻译或使其降解对靶基因实现转录后水平的调控。miRNA与T细胞的分化及功能密切相关,参与自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、肿瘤等多种病理过程的免疫调控。本文综述了近年来发现的miRNA在T细胞分化与功能调节中的作用,特别是其在抗感染与抗肿瘤免疫中的作用。

英文摘要：

microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs with about 19-24 nucleotides in length, which carry out the post-transtcriptional regulation of the target genes through inhibiting the translation or degradation of mRNAs. MiRNAs are closely related with the differentiation and functions of T cells and participate in the immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and tumor. The miRNA-mediated regulation of T cell differentiation and function, especially the role of miRNA in anti-infection immunity and anti-tumor immunity has been reviewed in this paper.