中文摘要：

近年越来越多的研究显示，人体健康与人体微生物有着密切的关系。人们逐渐认识到人体中的微生物是人体不可或缺的重要组成部分，在人体的健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用。为此，美国NIH启动了“人类微生物组计划”（HumanMicrobiomeProject，HMP）、欧盟启动了“人类肠道宏基因组计划”（MetagenomicsoftheHumanIntestinalTract，MetaHIT），中国作为重要的成员也参与其中。本文综述了近年来国内外人体微生物组研究的进展，初步探讨了该领域的发展前景，并对我国开展人类微生物组研究提出了一些政策建议。

英文摘要：

Recently, more and more evidences about the close relationship between health and human mi croorganisms have been revealed. The insights that the human microorganisms have key roles in our health and disease have been realized. The US National Institutes of Health （NIH） launched the Human Microbi- ome Project （HMP） and, the European Commission and China initiated the Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract （MetaHIT） project. Here, the research progresses in human microbiome obtained in re- cent years are reviewed, and some suggestions in developing human mierobiome research in China are pro- posed.