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不同施肥条件下甘蔗对钾的吸收利用研究

ISSN号：2095-1191
期刊名称：南方农业学报
时间：2011.3.30
页码：295-298
分类：S566.106.2[农业科学—作物学]
作者机构：[1]广西农业科学院,南宁530007
相关基金：国家自然科学基金重点项目（U1033004-12）; IPNI资助项目; 广西自然科学基金项目（0832202）; 广西农业科学院科技发展基金重点项目（2007001Z）; 国家农业部项目（WX-2-07-13）; 国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAD30）
相关项目：广西红壤肥力与生态功能协同演变机制与调控

关键词：不同施肥条件, 甘蔗, 钾利用率, 钾淋溶, different fertilizing levels, sugarcane, utilization rate of potassium, leaching potassium

中文摘要：

【目的】明确不同施肥条件下甘蔗对钾的吸收利用规律。【方法】以甘蔗品种新台糖22号为试材,进行第1年新植蔗、第2年宿根蔗不同施肥处理田间试验,各生育阶段分别测定各处理甘蔗对钾的吸收强度、对钾肥的利用率以及土壤中钾养分的盈余量,并用阴阳离子交换树脂监测施钾和不施钾处理耕作层土壤钾离子淋溶量。【结果】不同施肥条件下,甘蔗各生育阶段对钾的吸收强度存在较大差异;随着生长量的增加,钾养分在甘蔗植株体内的稀释效应明显,植株含钾量以苗期较高,成熟期较低;增施钾肥后甘蔗吸钾量明显增加,新植蔗、宿根蔗对钾肥的利用率分别为34.3%～40.6%、29.4%～31.7%;不同施肥条件下,新植蔗的土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量均有所降低,而宿根蔗中施钾处理的土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量则有所增加;施钾处理较不施钾处理耕作层土壤钾离子淋溶量明显增加;不同施肥条件下,新植蔗和宿根蔗土壤中钾养分平衡均表现为P2K2、N2P2K3处理有所盈余,N2P2K2、N2P2K1、N2P2处理有所亏损,但以N2P2处理亏损最大。【结论】不同施肥条件对甘蔗吸收利用钾素以及土壤中钾素的移动和平衡均有影响,实际生产中应注重氮、磷、钾合理配施,提高肥料利用率,为甘蔗高产优质栽培提供施肥指导。

英文摘要：

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to study the mechanism of potassium uptake and its utilization in sugarcane under the different fertilization levels. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted on plant crop and first ratoon crop of sugarcane variety ROC22 to find out the uptake amount and utilization rate of potassium in plants and its surplus content in the soil at different growth stages under different treatments. The cation-anion exchange resin was used to monitor the amount of leaching potassium in the treatments with and without potassium fertilizer. 【Result】Great differences in potassium uptake intensity at different growth stages have been observed in plants treated with different levels of K fertilization. The K content in sugarcane plant decreased with progression of sugarcane growth, with the highest K content at seedling stage and the lowest at maturity stage. The uptake amount of K was found to increase after application of K fertilizer. The utilization rate of potassium in plant and ratoon cane was 34.3-40.6% and 29.4-31.7% , respectively. The available K content in plant cane soil decreased at different fertilization levels, while it increased in ratoon crop soil. The amount of leaching potassium in soils fertilized with potassium increased significantly compared to non-fertilizing potassium treatment. The soils of both the plant and ratoon cane were found to have surplus K in P2K2 and N2P2K3 treat- ments while it was lesser in N2P2K2, N2P2K1 and N2P2 treatments. The K content was found to be least in N2P2 treatment. 【Conclusion】Different fertilization levels affected the potassium utilization rate, its mobility and the balance of potassium in soils. Practically, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied rationally in order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers to ensure the high-yield and quality sugarcane.

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