中文摘要：

利用30个微卫星座位，对中国6个群体山羊（阿尔巴斯、二狼山、乌珠穆沁、阿拉善、辽宁绒山羊和陕南白山羊），共计240个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析。计算了各群体的等位基因频率，并以其为基础获得了各群体的平均杂合度（He）、平均多态信息含量（PIC）和平均有效等位基因数（Ne），分别为0．367～0．467、0．533～0．639、2．571～4．915。分析了群体内和群体间的遗传变异，并根据遗传距离，进行了NJ聚类，结果将6个山羊群体分为两大类。为进一步对山羊品种的保存和利用提供科学的依据。

英文摘要：

Thirty microsatellite loci were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 240 goats of Chinese six populations including Aerbasi, Erlangshan, Wuzhumuqin, Alashan, Liaoning and Shannan white goat. Based on the allele frequency, we calculated that mean heterozygosity（He）were from 0. 367 to 0. 467; mean polymorphism information contents （PIC）from 0. 533 to 0. 639 and mean effective number of alleles（Ne）from 2. 571 to 4. 915. Genetic variation within breed and among breeds were analyzed in the study. We clustered the NJ tree according to the Nei standard genetic distances, the result showed that six goat breeds were divided into two clusters. The study provides some clue for conservation and utilization of goat breed in the future.