中文摘要：

目的 探讨泌尿系结石患者泌尿系感染的菌谱特点.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月收治的3 249例泌尿系结石合并感染患者的临床资料,男1 410例,女1 839例.所有患者中段尿培养结果均为阳性.将患者按照年龄分为A组≤19岁,B组20～ 39岁,C组40 ～ 59岁,D组60 ～ 79岁,E组≥80岁.比较不同性别、年龄以及不同年份的泌尿系结石合并泌尿系感染患者的中段尿细菌培养的菌谱特点.结果 本组3 249例患者中段尿细菌培养最常见的4种尿路细菌为：大肠埃希菌1 565株（48.2％）,肺炎克雷伯菌350株（10.8％）、粪肠球菌282株（8.7％）,奇异变形菌169株（5.2％）.女性患者检出的大肠埃希菌[1 105株（60.1％）]和奇异变形菌[136株（7.4％）]比例明显高于男性患者[460株（32.6％）和33株（2.3％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.男性患者检出的肺炎克雷伯菌[173株（12.3％）]和粪肠球菌[169株（12.0％）]比例明显高于女性患者[177株（9.6％）和113株（6.1％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.女性患者中产超广谱β内酰胺酶（extended-spectrum β-lactamases,ESBL）大肠埃希菌比例[600株（32.6％）]明显高于男性患者[324株（23.0％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.男性患者中产ESBL肺炎克雷伯菌的比例[94株（6.7％）]明显高于女性患者[61株（3.3％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.按年龄分组比较,C组的大肠埃希菌感染比例[767株（51.4％）]明显高于A组[51株（37.2％）]、B组[210株（42.7％）]和E组[41株（32.3％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.肺炎克雷伯菌在A组[21株（15.3％）]和E组[21株（16.5％）]的感染比例明显高于C组[143株（9.6％）]和D组[91株（9.1％）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.产ESBL大肠埃希菌比例随着年份呈增加趋势：2010年104株（27.1％）、2011年139株（26.6％）、2012年222株（26.7％）、2013年208株（29.4％?

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of bacterial distribution associated with urinary tract infection in urinary stone patients.Methods The study retrospectively analyzed results of positive bladder mid-stream urine culture from 3 249 cases patients with diagnosis of urinary calculi and urinary tract infection between January 2010 and December 2014 in our center.There were 1 839 female patients and 1410 male patients.Patients were stratified in five different age groups：A ＜ 19 years;B 20-39 years;C 40-59 years;D 60-79 years and E ≥ 80 years.Microbial distribution of uropathogens in urinary stone patients were analysed on the basis of results of the urine culture in different genders,ages and years.Results The four most common uropathogens were Escherichia coli （1 565 strains;48.2％）,Klebsiella pneumoniae （350 strains;10.8％）,Enterococcus faecalis （282 strains;8.7％）,and Proteus mirabilis （169 strains;5.2％）.The occurrence of Escherichia coli （1 105 strains;60.1％ vs.460 strains;32.6％）、Proteus mirabilis （136 strains;7.4％ vs.33 strains;2.3％） in females was higher than in male patients （P ＜0.01）.The occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae （173 strains;12.3％ vs.177 strains;9.6％）、Enterococcus faecalis （169 strains;12.0％ vs.113 strains;6.1％） in males was higher than in females （P ＜0.05）.ESBL-positive Escherichia coli was more frequent in females （600 strains;32.6％） than in males （324 strains;23.0％;P ＜ 0.01）.ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae was more frequent in men （94 strains;6.7％） than women （61 strains;3.3％;P ＜0.01）.Escherichia coli was more frequent in group C （767 strains;51.4％） than in group A（51 strains;37.2％）,B（210 strains;42.7％） and E（41 strains;32.3％）;（P ＜ 0.05）.Klebsiella pneumoniae was more frequent in group A （21 strains;15.3％） and E （21 strains;16.5 ％） than in group C （143 strains;9.6 ％） and D （91 strains;9.1％）;（P ＜ 0.05）.ESBL-positive Esch