中文摘要：

目的比较草酸钙结石模型大鼠与正常大鼠肾组织小分子RNA（microRNA，miRNA）表达谱的差异，初步分析筛选出的差异miRNA的功能。方法2015年9—12月，将16只6—8周龄雄性sD大鼠随机分为两组，每组8只。正常组每天自由饮水。造模组使用乙二醇和氯化铵诱导法建立大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型。28d后应用微阵列芯片筛选正常组和造模组肾组织标本中差异表达（表达量〉2倍）的miRNA，对差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，并运用GeneOntology数据库和KEGG信号通路数据库富集靶基因以初步分析其功能。结果偏光显微镜下观察肾组织切片，正常组未见草酸钙晶体，造模组可见大量草酸钙晶体。与正常组相比，造模组38个miRNA表达有显著差异，其中上调18个，下调20个；基因本体分析筛选出有显著差异的信使RNA（mRNA）共2728个，其中上调1350个，下调1378个，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。GeneOntology分析结果显示差异性表达的miRNA与钙离子转运、炎症、损伤、氧化应激、黏附等生物学过程相关。KEGG信号通路分析结果显示这些miRNA参与趋化因子信号通路、细胞因子．细胞因子受体相互作用等与炎症反应相关的信号通路。结论草酸钙结石大鼠与正常大鼠肾组织的miRNA表达谱存在明显差异，这些差异表达的miRNA可能与草酸钙结石形成过程中的钙离子转运、炎症反应、细胞损伤及细胞黏附等相关。

英文摘要：

Objective To compare the miRNA expression profiles in kidney tissues of normal and calcium oxalate stone rats, and to explore the roles of different miRNAs in the regulation of kidney stone formation. Methods Sixteen 6-8 weeks old SD rats were divided into two groups, including the normal group and the model group randomly, between Sep 2015 and Dec 2015. The normal group was permitted to drink water freely; whereas the model of calcium oxalate stone group was established by freely drinking water with 1% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride. 28 days after molding, miRNA microarray and mRNA microarray were applied to evaluate the miRNA expressions in the kidney tissues of both normal and calcium oxalate stone rats. Target prediction, Gene Ontology （GO） analysis , Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis were applied to predict the potential roles of miRNAs in the biological processes of stone formation. Results There were many crystals in calcium oxalate stone rat kidney tissue sections whereas no crystal was detected in normal group. 38 miRNAs were differentially expressed with a more than 2-fold changing （ P 〈 0.05 ） between normal and calcium oxalate stone rats. Among those miRNAs, 18 miRNAs were up-regulated, while 20 miRNAs were down-regulated. 2 728 mRNAs were differentially expressed with a more than 2-fold change （ P 〈 0. 05 ） between the two groups. Among them, 1 350 mRNAs were up-regulated and 1 378 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that those differentially expressed miRNAs targeted many genes which were related to the function of calcium ion transport, injury, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and cell adhesion. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that those miRNAs were involved in inflammation-related pathway including cytokine-cytokinereceptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. Conclusions There were significantly differences in miRNA expression profiles between normal and calcium oxalate stone rats, and these differentiall