中文摘要：

ICF及X光激光实验将结构和密度可调的碳气凝胶作为一种常用靶材料,其力学、热学性能和结构直接影响其应用。本文以间苯二酚（R）和甲醛（F）作为反应前驱体,通过调节反应参数和控制制备条件合成了低密度（〈50mg/cm^3）碳气凝胶,最低密度为36mg/cm^3。利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、X射线衍射仪、孔径分布及比表面积测试仪和同步热分析仪等对低密度碳气凝胶的结构进行研究;采用动态力学分析仪、电子拉伸试验机和热传导分析仪对其性能进行表征。研究表明,该低密度碳气凝胶具有明显珍珠项链状纳米网络,颗粒大小均匀,粒径约为70nm,比表面积达1 217m^2/g;在-120～200℃温区内,具有稳定的力学性能,杨氏模量仅为0.375MPa,是一种理想的弹性材料。常规密度碳气凝胶材料为几十MPa。在室温空气气氛下,其热导率低至0.05W/（m·K）,相对于常规碳气凝胶有较大改善。

英文摘要：

It is great important that the mechanical,thermal properties and structure of extreme density carbon aerogel will directly affect its application scope,since carbon aerogel with adjustable structure and density are designed as a conventional target in ICF research and X laser experiment.Low-density（36 mg/cm^3） resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon aerogel was fabricated by improving the traditional synthesis technique and adjusting the parameters of reactants.Field emission scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffractometer,BET and simultaneous thermal analyzer were used to observe the microstructure of low-density carbon aerogel,while dynamic mechanical analyzer,electronic tensile tester and thermal constant analyzer were used to characterize its properties.The research shows that the low-density carbon aerogel processes the unique pearl necklace-like nano network with homogametic nanoparticle of about 70 nm.Its specific surface area is 1 217 m^2/g before activation.It is a perfect elastic material with stable mechanical properties.Its Young＇s modulus is only 0.375 MPa from-120 ℃ to 200 ℃,much less than that of the regular density carbon aerogel.Its thermal conductivity is as low as 0.05 W/（m·K） at ambient conditions,which has been greatly improved from the conventional carbon aerogels.