中文摘要：

通过比较二倍体野鲫、三倍体异育银鲫和复合四倍体银鲫等不同倍性鲫的染色体组型及红细胞核的形态大小差异，探讨了不同倍性鲫细胞遗传特征及其倍性鉴别的快速方法。结果表明：（1）二倍体野鲫体细胞染色体数为100，核型公式为22m＋34sm＋22st＋22t，染色体臂数NF=156；三倍体异育银鲫体细胞染色体数为156（其中6条为超数染色体），核型公式为33m＋51sm＋33st＋33t＋6mc，染色体臂数NF=234＋6mc；复合四倍体银鲫体细胞染色体数为206（其中6条为超数染色体），核型公式为44m＋68sm＋44st＋44t＋6mc，染色体臂数NF=312＋6mc。（2）二倍体野鲫、三倍体银鲫和复合四倍体银鲫的红细胞核长径、短径和核体积均依倍性增加而显著增大（P〈0．05），其中，又以核体积增大最为显著，银鲫复合四倍体、异育银鲫三倍体的核体积分别为二倍体野鲫的2．0倍和1．65倍。通过在CoulterCounter颗粒分析仪上测量红细胞核体积可实现二倍体野鲫、三倍体银鲫和复合四倍体银鲫的快速鉴别。（3）在复合四倍体银鲫中还观察到较高比例（约占10％）的哑铃型红细胞核现象。

英文摘要：

The karyotype, morphology differences of auratus （2n）, allogynogenetic silver crucian carp allogynogenetic crucian carp. The results showed： chromosomes and the karyotype of 22 metacentric, erythrocyte and nuclei were compared in Carassius auratus Carassius auratus gibelio （3n）, and multiple tetraploid （1） Carassius auratus auratus has 2n 34 submetacentric, 22 subtelocentric and 100 diploid telocentric,NF = 156. The allogynogenetic silver crucian carp has 156 chromosomes in its karyotype, with 33 metacentric, 51 submetacentric, 33 subtelocentric, 33 telocentric, and 6 supernumerary microchromosomes. The karyotype of the multiple tetraploid al｜ogynogenetic crucian carp contains 206 chromosomes, with 44 metacentric, 68 submetacentric, 44 subtelocentric, 44 telocentric, and 6 supernumerary microchromosomes. （2） The long diameter, the short diameter, and the volume of erythrocyte nuclei increase significantly （P 〈 0.05） according to the ploidy of chromosome sets in 3 crucian carps. Among them, the erythrocyte nuclear volume in the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic crucian carp and allogynogenetic silver crucian carp 3n increases extremely, which is 1.97 and 1.65 times as that of diploid crucian carp. By using Coulter counter particle analysis system, 3 different ploidy crucian carps can be examined rapidly. （3） Some abnormal erythrocyte nuclei （about 10% ） are observed in the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic crucian carp.