中文摘要：

以1987和2005年遥感影像为信息源,基于RS与GIS技术,提取西乌珠穆沁草地信息,对其景观进行分类,共分为10种景观类型并形成景观分类图。应用景观分析软件FRAGSTATS3.3,在景观类型和景观总体两个层次上,从景观异质性、景观类型面积比例、斑块数量、斑块周长面积比和结合度等方面进行景观结构分析。借助Arc/view和Arc/Info软件,计算景观转移矩阵分析西乌珠穆沁草原景观结构变化。通过研究表明：西乌珠穆沁草原景观空间结构发生一定程度变化,土地沙化退化趋势明显,人工景观比例增加,草地景观仍占主导地位（86%）,但有减少趋势。从景观总体来看,景观整体破碎度加剧,连通性降低,草原生态系统退化趋势明显。随着人口和载畜量增长,人类活动强度加剧,对自然景观特别是草地景观占用和开垦等情况突出,过度放牧弃耕等行为使草地景观出现一定程度的退化、沙化。气候因素如气温变暖和干燥度加大是景观整体结构发生变化的又一重要原因。

英文摘要：

Based on RS and GIS,we studied the grassland landscape structure change of Xiwuzhumuqin over the past few decades.With the help of GIS software,two-period（1987,2005） remote sensing images were interpreted to extract information of grassland landscape and divided it into ten types.Applying the spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS of the raster version3.3 to calculated a set of landscape indices that corresponds to the two scale 1evels of class and landscape.The results showed that the landscape spatial patterns have changed and the trend of land desertification was obviously,the proportions of artificial landscape were increasing,but general landscape patterns were stable,the area of grassland landscape accounted for its total area above 86%.The whole region showed the high fragmentation and low cohesion.With increasing of population and livestock quantity,the human activities became more and more intense and the ecology system trended to degeneration due to overgrazing and abandoned cultivation in the past 20 years.It was an important reason for landscape structure changes that the hydrological indicators and air temperature were raising.