中文摘要：

我国北方草原地区是气候变化影响的脆弱和敏感地区。研究北方草原地区牧户对气候变化的感知和适应,对于提高牧区气候变化的适应能力,促进草原地区可持续发展意义重大。本文利用问卷调查的实证分析方法,研究了内蒙古草甸草原、荒漠草原、荒漠生态区牧户对气候变化趋势和极端气候灾害事件的感知和适应的现状与行为特征。结果表明：过去30年内蒙古草原地区气候基本呈暖湿化趋势,近10年极端气候灾害事件有所增加,其中大雪和干旱分别是东、西部草原地区最主要的极端气候灾害;牧户能够正确感知变暖趋势,但无法正确判断降水情况;东部牧户对大雪事件的感知度较高,西部牧户对干旱的记忆最深刻,并分别针对大雪和干旱采取有差别的应对措施;当前,牧户应对措施相对缺失,需要进一步探求更为积极、高效的应对行为,以便更好更快地适应气候变化。

英文摘要：

Temperate steppe of northern China is very vulnerable and sensitive to climate change.It is significant to study herdsmen＇s perception and adaptation of climate change to enhance adaptive capacity and sustainable development of grassland area.Using a household survey based on questionnaire,this study analyzes the current status and behavior characters of herdsmen＇s perception and adaptation to climate change and extreme climate events in meadow steppe,desert steppe and desert respectively.The results showed that the climate became warmer and wetter in the last 30 years.There was more heavy snow in the east but more droughts in the west,and extreme climate disasters occurred more frequently in the last 10 years in the grassland area of Inner Mongolia.Although most herdsmen correctly perceived the change of temperature,they gave wrong judge to precipitation.Herdsmen in the east were more impressible to heavy snow and their counterparts in the west more impressible to droughts,thus different measures were taken to combat heavy snow and drought.Present adaptation measures taken by the herdsmen are basically simple and passive,lacking in effective and active ones to cope with the climate change in grassland area.