中文摘要：

目的 从员工评价的角度,了解目前我国中西部基层计生服务人员激励因素的现状.方法 对样本县乡计生机构进行员工问卷调查.结果 县乡计生服务人员收入水平均较低,县级计生机构保障略高于乡级（P＜0.05）,县乡计生服务人员均认为设备已得到改善,但是生活便利方面乡级比县级差（P＜0.01）,此外,在培训机会、晋升及职业发展机会等方面,乡级较县级差（P＜0.01）.结论 计生机构激励制度改革应从多个方面着手,要重视乡级激励因素改善,建立县乡一体化,以提高基层计生人力的工作动力.随着新一轮国务院机构改革启动,为提高计生服务质量和稳定基层计生队伍,有必要从薪酬、福利、晋升等方面着手,提高基层计生机构宫内节育器（IUD）放置人员工作的积极性.

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the current situation of incentive factors for Family Planning Clinics at County and Township Level in China. Methods Some township family planning clinics were sampled and surveyed with facility ques- tionnaire,and documents review was used for data collection. Results The family planning clinics workers had low in- come. The development of family planning clinics equipments was better. Their incentive and penalty system was unreason- able. And the professional opportunities of training and career development were limited. Conclusion The incentive mechanism should be reformed from several aspects to improve the motivation of rural family planning clinics profession- als.