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中文摘要：
草地是畜牧业生产的基础，对于草地产草量和牧草品质的格局及其与环境因子之间关系的研究有助于科学合理地发展畜牧业，但目前国内大尺度上的研究还比较缺乏．本文通过对中国草地131个采样点共计177个样地的产草量和牧草品质进行分析，研究了中国草地不同区域和不同植被类型的产草量和牧草品质，分析了牧草品质与产草量之间的关系，探讨了气候和土壤因子对牧草品质格局的作用．研究显示：（1）在研究区域总体上，青藏高原草地的产草量较内蒙古草地高，主要是由于高寒草甸有较高的产草量．相比于内蒙古地区的草地，青藏高原草地的牧草具有高粗蛋白、高无氮浸出物、低粗纤维、低粗脂肪的特点，营养价值更高．（2）从植被型上来看，高寒草甸的产草量和营养价值都最高；从植被群系上来看，产草量最高的是西藏嵩草（Kobresia tibetica）草甸和芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）草原，牧草品质最好的则是高山嵩草（Kobresia pygmaea）草甸和矮生嵩草（Kobresia humilis）草甸．（3）大尺度上，气候和土壤因子首先通过改变植被类型而影响到牧草品质的格局，对于植物具体的生理过程虽然也有影响但并非造成大尺度牧草品质格局的主要原因；消除植被类型差异后，气候因子中仅年均温（MAT）对粗纤维有显著作用．而土壤因子对所有营养指标均有显著影响，反映土壤因子对牧草品质有着更直接的作用．（4）牧草的营养价值和产草量之间存在相关关系，随着产草量的升高，牧草表现出粗纤维含量增加、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量下降的趋势，这反映产草量较大时对营养元素的“稀释”现象．
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