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中文摘要：
视神经脊髓炎（neuromyelitis optica,NMO）和NMO谱系疾病（NMO spectrum disorders,NMOSD）是一类以视神经炎和（或）急性横贯性脊髓炎为典型临床表现的自身免疫性炎性脱髓鞘疾病.水通道蛋白4（aquaporin-4,AQP4）抗体（AQP4-IgG）的发现使其有别于多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis,MS）成为独立的疾病实体.目前认为AQP4-IgG是NMO/NMOSD最具特异性的生物学标志物,但仍存在部分NMO/NMOSD患者血清AQP4-IgG阴性.另外,在NMO/NMOSD患者中发现了另一些自身免疫抗体,提示还有AQP4-IgG以外的其他免疫因素参与NMO/NMOSD的发病机制.
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