中文摘要：

研究通过DEA分析分两个阶段考察了中国铁路的绩效。分析1949～1978年整个行业运营效率，发现中国铁路在解放后到60年代初期间的运营效率提升明显，60年代中期以后到改革开放前的效率水平具有波动性。1965年以前劳动利用效率相对较高，70年代初最差。同时，改革开放前中国铁路的产出效率很高。改革开放后到80年代中期的相对效率水平为上升趋势，但80年代末以来的运营绩效没有得到进一步改善，其中劳动力、营业里程等没有得到充分利用。虽然客车得到了充分利用，但客运能力不足的矛盾相当突出。劳动力的相对效率下降，营业里程相对效率提高，而机车的相对利用效率变化不大，货车1994年以后的利用效率相对较差，改革开放后的投入产出效率几乎没有变化。90年代虽然铁路行业技术水平提高以及铁路不断提速，但并未导致整体铁路运营效率同比的增长。

英文摘要：

The study analyzes the performance of Chinese Railway based on DEA technique in two stages, which are from 1949 to 1978 and 1978 up to the present. It discovers the performance of Chinese Railway improved distinctly during 1949 and 1962, fluctuated from that time until 1978. Labor performance is comparatively high before the year 1965, and the worst is in the beginning of 1970s. The study shows output productivity is very high in this stage. The performance is in up trend during 1978 and 1988. But from the end of 1980s up to now, the performance is not getting better anymore. The labor and Length of Railways in Operation are not utilized adequately. Although passenger carriages are utilized adequately, the situation of shortage is sharp. The performance of labor is declining; that of mileage of Railways in Operation is increasing; that of locomotives is in less fluctuation; and that of freight carriages is getting worse from the year 1994. It can be seen that there is little progress in the second stage. Chinese Railway has been applying technology and upgrading speed constantly, the performance is not resulted in the expected consequences.