中文摘要：

目的 探讨α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）在小鼠异位移植气管中的表达与意义.方法 雄性BALB/C小鼠及C57BL/6小鼠各30只,建立气管异位移植模型,分别于术后4、7、10 d、2、3、4周收获移植气管.组织形态学观察移植气管发生纤维化过程,应用免疫组织化学方法检测α-SMA和TGF-β1的表达.结果 术后3周以后移植气管管腔和黏膜下层出现大量纤维增生组织,造成管腔完全闭塞.α-SMA表达于术后第7天明显增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,1周以后阳性表达继续增多,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.TGF-β1的表达于术后第10天明显增多,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,到术后2周表达水平进一步增高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,两者表达的趋势相似.结论 小鼠气管异位移植后气道上皮细胞有部分向表达α-SMA的肌纤维母细胞转化,进而参与了闭塞性细支气管炎（OB）的气道重塑和气道高反应性的发生发展.

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） in the heterotopic trachea grafts in mice. Methods Heterotopic trachea transplantation model was established in 30 male BALB/C mice and 30 male C57BL/6 mice. The trachea grafts were harvested on the 4th day, 7th day, 10th day, 2nd week, 3rd week and 4th week after surgery, respectively. Histomorphological methods were used to observe the process of the trachea graft fibrosis, and immunohistoohemistry was used to detect the expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1. Results There were a variety of fibrosis hyperplastic tissues in tracheal lumina and submucosa after 3rd week, causing the mucosa completely obliterated. The expression of α-SMA was significantly increased on the 7th day after grafting and remained increasing during the following 7 days （P 〈0. 01）. The expression of TGF-β1 was obviously increased on the 10th day after grafting and further got higher in next 4 days （P 〈0. 05 ,P 〈0. 01）. There was the similar expression tendency of α-SMA and TGF-β1. Conclusion Some airway epithelial cells transformed into myofibroblasts which can express α-SMA, and then involved in the process of airway remodeling and airway hyperreactivity of obliterative bronchiolitis.