中文摘要：

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜的疏水性限制了其在水处理领域的应用。采用纳米Si02／PVDF离子膜电渗析对含原油高矿化度污水进行膜污染试验。结果表明，纳米SiOz／PVDF离子膜抗油珠污染的能力较强于PVDF膜。乳化油珠在电场的作用下向阴离子膜表面迁移，并在阴离子膜表面浓集、聚并，形成油膜，堵塞离子通道，少量原油以憎水膜的形式覆盖于活性基团上。扫描电镜和能谱分析表明，膜面有机污染物主要是石油类污染物，无机污染物主要是CaC03等无机物污垢。原油污染的纳米SiO2／PVDF离子膜的较佳清洗方法为碱一表面活性剂法。

英文摘要：

Hydrophobicity of PVDF membranes hinders its application in water treatment field. Nano-SiO2/ PVDF ion-exchange membrane fouling experiment was conducted by electrodialysis treated the high-mineralization wastewater which containing crude oil. The results indicated that the anti-fouling capacity of SiO2/PVDF membranes was better than that of PVDF membranes. Oil drop in water migrated to surface of anion-exchange membrane under the electric force, then accumulated to form oil films and finally blocked passageways of ion migration. Little crude oil also acted as hydrophobicity oil and covered on the activating groups. SEM and EDX analysis showed that the contami- nants on the membrane surface were oil kind pollutants and some inorganic matters like CaCO3. The optimum method for fouled membranes cleaning was alkali-surfactant method.