中文摘要：

综述了纳米银毒理学和生物效应方面的研究进展.通过分析纳米银的理化特性、进入人体途径以及在呼吸道、皮肤和胃肠道暴露途径下纳米银与组织的相互作用,认为在开发应用纳米银产品的同时更应关注可能产生的负面生物效应,并提供完整且符合实际的毒理学评价资料.国内外学者对纳米银细胞毒性的研究结果显示,纳米银可与蛋白质和酶的巯基发生反应,引起细胞线粒体功能损害、膜渗透及细胞形态的凋亡样变化,其毒性机制尚未阐明,可能是由于氧化应激及脂质过氧化介导所致.因此,在加强纳米银毒理学和生物效应研究的同时,应建立评价纳米产品生物安全性的标准方法及评价体系,关注可能导致的环境问题,深入研究纳米银引起的特殊生物环境效应.

英文摘要：

The research progresses in toxicological and biological effects of nanosilver are summarized.The physiochemical properties of nanosilver particles,the nanosilver＇s entry portals into human bodies,and the interactions between nanosilver and tissues through different routes of exposure such as respiratory tract,skin and gastrointestinal tract are analyzed.It is pointed out that with the development and application of nanosilver products,the attention to possible negative biological effects of nanosilver products should be paid.Integrial and matter-of-fact data for comprehensive toxicological assessment is needed.The studies on cytotoxicity show that nanosilver can interact with thiol groups of proteins and enzymes,which causes the dysfunction of mitochondria,membrane permeability and apoptosis-like change of cell morphology.The mechanism of the cytotoxicity is not clear yet.Oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation might mediate the cytotoxicity of nanosilver.Therefore,with the strengthening of the studies on toxicological and biological effects of nanosilver,standard methods and evaluation systems on the biological safety assessment of nano-products should be established.Moreover,possible environmental problems should be concerned.Special biological and environmental effects caused by nanosilver should be further studied.