中文摘要：

阿尔茨海默病主要病理学特征是在脑中形成大量的老年斑和神经元纤维缠结以及出现弥漫性脑萎缩．胆碱能系统的失调与阿尔茨海默病的发生机制关系密切．具体表现为基底前脑的胆碱能系统紊乱，胆碱乙酰化酶、乙酰胆碱含量显著减少，以及大量胆碱能神经元退化．胆碱转运体是胆碱能系统中用于转运胆碱进入细胞的关键蛋白体，有三种类型：高亲和力胆碱转运体、胆碱转运体类蛋白及非特异性有机阳离子转运体．近年，很多研究表明胆碱转运体的异常与一系列神经退行性紊乱有关．本文简要综述胆碱能系统中胆碱转运体的生理作用及其在阿尔茨海默病中异常代谢和可能机制的研究进展，以期为防治阿尔茨海默病提供进一步的理论和实验依据．

英文摘要：

The deposition of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are the prominent pathophysiology symptom of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, in addition to diffuse brain atrophy. Several lines of evidence suggested a strong relationship between the degeneration of forebrain cholinergic neurons and pathogenesis of AD. AD is characterized by the disturbance of forebrain cholinergic system and by the dramatic decrease of acetylcholine （ACh）, choline acetyltransferase, and a severe loss of cholinergic neurons. ACh is the only neurotransmitter released in the cholinergic synapses. Choline uptake via choline transporters is essential for ACh re-synthesis. Three types of transporters have been implicated in choline transporter family： high-affinity, Na＋-dependent choline transporters （CHTs）; intermediate-affinity, Na＋-independent choline transporter-like proteins （CTLs） and polyspecific organic cation transporters （OCTs） with low affinity for choline. It has been shown that abnormal choline transporters are involved in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. The article aims to summarize the physiological role of choline transporter in the cholinergic system and pathological alterations in AD, providing new insight into the therapeutic treatment of AD.