中文摘要：

以包颈程度较轻的水稻品系H7408和包颈程度较重的培矮64S为材料，对水稻不育系包颈特性及穗颈节间形态解剖结构进行比较研究．结果表明，在包颈率、包颈长度、花粉可染率上，培矮64S与H7408差异显著，且包颈率、包颈长度与花粉可染率呈负相关关系（R=-0．4681和R=-0．5644）；培矮64S穗颈节间比H7408短11．88cm，外层薄壁细胞和内层薄壁细胞比H7408分别少1016、470个；穗颈节间薄壁细胞的平均长度比H7408短，尤其是中部区段内层薄壁细胞与外层薄壁细胞长度培矮64S比H7408分别短25．2、37．8μm，H7408穗颈节间薄壁细胞的长度从基部至中部区段呈突跃式增加，从中部至顶部区段呈缓慢减少的趋势；培矮64S穗颈节间缩短是由细胞数目减少和细胞长度缩短双重作用所致，其中后者作用更显著．

英文摘要：

A rice line H7408 and Peiai64S were used to study panicle enclosure characteristics and morphological and anatomical structure of uppermost internode in CMS line of rice. The results showed that there was a significant difference in rate and length of panicle enclosure and rate of stained pollen between H7408 and Peiai64S. Negative correlation was found between panicle enclosure rate, panicle enclosure length and stained pollen rate. Uppermost internode of Peiai64S was 11.88 cm shorter than that of H7408, and the number of external parenchyma cell and internal parenchyma cell were 1016 and 470 less than those of H7408 respectively. Average length of parenchyma cell of uppermost internode was shorter than that of H7408. The length of external parenchyma cell and internal parenchyma cell of Peiai64S in the middle section of uppermost internode was 25.2 μm and 37.8 μm shorter than those of H7408 respectively. Parenchyma cell length of H7408 increased abruptly from basal section to middle section, and decreased slowly from middle section to top section. It is evident that the uppermost internode shortening of Peiai64S is due to the decrease of cell number and the shortening of cell length, and the effect of later is more obvious.