中文摘要：

以6个耐热性差异较大的水稻重组自交系及其亲本996（热钝感）和4628（热敏感）为材料，于抽穗开花期在人工气候室进行高温处理，研究高温胁迫对耐热性不同水稻株系花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、可溶性糖含量、热稳定蛋白含量、花粉粒及柱头活力的影响。结果表明，高温胁迫下，花药超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈先上升后下降的趋势，耐高温株系花药的 SOD、POD 及 CAT 活性显著高于热敏感株系。与热敏感株系相比，高温下耐高温株系花药具有较高的热稳定蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、较低的丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率。高温下耐高温株系的花药开裂系数、柱头上花粉粒数、花粉活力和柱头活力显著高于热敏感株系。这表明，杂交后代可能遗传了亲本996的一些耐热性状。因此，花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、热稳定蛋白含量和花粉活力均可作为水稻耐热性鉴定指标。

英文摘要：

Six rice recombinant inbred lines with different heat tolerance and their parents,heat tolerant line 996 and heat sensitive line 4628 were treated with high temperature （9：00 - 1 7：00,37℃;1 7：00 - 9：00,30℃）and optimal temperature （9：00 - 1 7：00,30℃;1 7：00 - 9：00,25 ℃）in growth chambers.The effect of high temperature on antioxidant enzyme activities,membrane permeability,souble sugar content,heat stable protein content of anther, pollen grain and stigma viability were studied.The results showed the superoxide dismutase（SOD）,catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD）activities in anther increased obviously at early stage under high temperature stress,then decreased rapidly,the antioxidant enzyme activity of anther of heat tolerant lines was significantly higher than that of heat sensitive lines.Compared with heat sensitive lines,higher heat stable protein content and souble sugar content,lower malondial dehyde （MDA）content and relative conductivity were found in anther of heat tolerant lines.The anther dehiscence coefficient,pollen grains number on the stigma,pollen viability and stigma viability of heat tolerant lines were significantly higher than those of heat sensitive lines.It showed that hybrids might inherit the heat tolerance from the parent 996.The antioxidant enzyme activity,membrane permeability,heat stable protein content of anther and pollen viability can be used as heat resistance identification indexes in rice.