中文摘要：

中国自20世纪初期形成了二元经济结构,之后存世长达百年之久,模式几经变迁,对中国经济与社会产生了深远影响。文章以20世纪以来二元经济模式发展的演变史实为基础,运用制度变迁理论,从三农视角对20世纪三种二元经济模式之成因、结构特征及其对经济与社会的影响进行比较分析。研究发现,三种二元经济结构均导致城乡分化、三农衰败的共同结局,但在具体路径选择及影响程度等方面又有不同,具体表现为：（1）20世纪初期形成的市场诱发型二元经济结构通过城乡不平等贸易、资金市场性流动等市场机制作用,导致社会阶层与城乡严重分裂、社会失控的局面;（2）20世纪五六十年代形成的制度约束型二元经济结构通过统购统销、户籍制度、人民公社制度等刚性制度约束,导致农业生产效率低下与农民收入的过度平均;（3）20世纪八九十年代形成的复合型二元经济结构则由于制度刚性约束与市场因素的共同作用,形成三农在城乡贸易、就业与社会保障等方面的劣势地位。文章有助于我们更深入地认识当前二元经济结构的复合性质及其内卷化发展特征,为如何依靠市场驱动和制度改革来破解当前二元经济的困局和全面深化农村改革提供启示。

英文摘要：

In the early 20th century, the vived for a century; this mode has undergone dual economic structure formed and has sur- several changes and has a profound impact on China＇s economy and society. Based on the evolution history of dual economic structure since the 20th century, this paper adopts the institution transference theory to make a comparative analysis of three dual economic modes in the aspects of reasons for the forma- tion ＆~ structure characteristics and their effects on the economy and society from a per- spective of agriculture, rural regions and peasants.It finds that the three modes of dual e- conomic structure lead to a common outeome..rural-urban division and the decline in agri- culture, rural areas and peasants. But there exist differences in route choice and influence degree, firstly, in the early 20th century, market-induced dual economic structure in Re- public of China led to serious fragmentation between social classes and between urban and rural areas and social disorder through the market mechanisms like urban-rural unequal trade and capital market flow; secondly, in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century, in- stitution-constraint-oriented dual economic structure resulted in lower agriculture produc- tivity and excessive average income of farmers through rigidity institution constraints such as state monopoly on purchase and sale, household registration system and the system of people＇s communes; thirdly, in the eighties and nineties of the 20th century, composite dual economic structure gave rise to the disadvantageous position of agriculture, rural are- as and peasants in the aspects of urban-rural trade, employment and social guarantee, ow- ing to the combined action of rigidity institution constraints and market factors. This paper helps us to more deeply understand the composite and involution development characteris- tics of current dual economic structure, and provides enlightenment for how to crack cur- rent dual economic predicament by market and institution reform