中文摘要：

分析开关电弧的动态过程对提高电器的使用性能和寿命具有重要意义。文中基于电流与空间磁场分布关系,考虑弧径影响,将有触点低压空气电弧视为具有变弧径叠式电流线组合。根据毕奥萨伐尔定律,求取电弧电流线簇在空间磁场的分布,并利用数学反演方法求取电弧所在通流空间域。考虑反演表达式的复杂性及多未知量问题,将方程组求解转化为目标函数最优化问题。在上述研究基础上,采用遗传算法确定电弧空间位置坐标,并将惩罚函数引入目标函数的优化过程,通过这一约束有效地解决了反演的不适定性,最终得到了基于磁场分布下的二维空间低压空气开关电弧的空间形态和位置的定量表征与描述。

英文摘要：

The analysis of the dynamic process for switching arc has a great significance in advancing the utility and operational life of the electrical apparatus. Based on the relationship between the current distribution and the corresponding magnetic field,the arc in the air-circuit-breaker is considered as the superstition of current line with variable diameter.According to the Biot-Savart＇s law, the magnetic field distribution produced by the bunch of cur- rent lines is calculated,and the mathematical inversion method is adopted to obtain the domain in which the cur- rent lines passing through.In consideration of the complexity of inversion expressions and the large number of the number of the unknown quantities, the nonlinear equations of the above research, GA （Genetic Algorithm）is adopted are transformed into optimization issues. On the basis to fix the position of the arc current line in the space. The penalty function is introduced into the optimization process of GA objective function.With this constraints,the ill-posed problem is disposed of effectively.The quantitative characterization of the position and morphologic de- scription for the low voltage switching arc in two dimensional is obtained eventually based on the magnetic field distribution.