中文摘要：

应用COMSOL多物理场仿真软件,基于电磁学与流体动力学理论建立真空电弧等离子体的流体—化学混合模型,数值模拟真空断路器灭弧室中交流与直流真空电弧放电过程。考虑粒子的经典扩散、漂移、碰撞、电离、激发的影响,研究纵向磁场作用下交流与直流电弧等离子体参数的分布。仿真结果表明：电弧放电过程中,交、直流真空电弧燃弧特性即存在相似性也存在明显不同;纵向磁场直接影响交流与直流真空电弧的发展及电弧微观粒子（电子与离子等）的密度与温度等的空间分布。如相同电流激励下,交流电弧与直流电弧等离子体参数分布相似;由于交流电弧能量下降更快,相比直流电弧其更容易被开断;纵向磁场的作用会减小阳极触头表面的电子温度,削弱阴极表面的离子速度,减少真空电弧金属蒸气的电离率。

英文摘要：

A Fluid and chemical mixed model of vacuum arc plasma based on electromagnetic and fluid dynamics was given out and the AC and DC vacuum arc discharges in vacuum interrupter were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of the axial magnetic field on the distributions of AC and DC plasma parameters and time evolution of the distributions was investigated in terms of diffusion,drifting,collision,ionization and excitation of the particles involved. The simulated results show that there are similarities and differences between AC and DC arc discharges in vacuum,and the AMF strongly affects the arc growth and spatial distributions of the density and temperature of electrons and ions in AC and DC discharges. If excited by the same current,AC arc plasma parameters resemble those of DC arc plasma,AC arc in vacuum interrupters is switched more easily than DC arc does because AC arc energy decays rapidly. An AMF considerably decreases the ionization rate of metal vapor because it reduces electron density in the plasma,lowers electron temperature on anode surfaces,and slows down velocity of on cathode surfaces.