中文摘要：

目的探讨高强度军事训练对新入伍战士心脏结构及心脏功能的影响。方法随机抽取某部新入伍战士40名进行3 km负荷训练,并于训练前、训练后即刻及训练后6个月分别行超声心动图检查,观察其心脏结构及心功能的变化。结果训练后即刻左心房内径（LAD）较训练前增大（P〈0.05）,但训练后6个月LAD与训练前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;其余心脏结构指标在训练不同时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。训练后即刻左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心率、左心房收缩期二尖瓣血流峰值流速（A）高于训练前,左心房舒张早期二尖瓣血流峰值流速（E）、E/A低于训练前（P〈0.05）;训练后6个月心率、A低于训练前和训练后即刻,LVEF、E高于训练前和训练后即刻（P〈0.05）。E/A训练后6个月高于训练后即刻（P〈0.05）。收缩期运动速度（Sm）训练后即刻较训练前升高,舒张早期运动速度（Em）/舒张晚期运动速度（Am）训练后即刻较训练前下降（P〈0.05）,但训练后6个月上述指标与训练后即刻及训练前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论高强度负荷训练可导致新入伍战士心脏舒张功能减低,心脏功能轻度受损。随着训练时间的延长,心脏结构及功能可对运动负荷产生适应性变化。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the effect of high intensity military training on cardiac structure and function of recruits of PLA. Methods A total of 40 recruits were randomly selected to run three kilometers with full gears. The eehocardiography was performed before the training, immediately after training and 6 months after the training, and then the changes of cardiac structure and function were observed. Results Compared with those before the training, left atrial dimension （LAD） was significantly increased immediately after the training （P 〈 0.05）, but there was no signifi- cant difference 6 months after the training （P 〉 0. 05 ） ; indexes of other cardiac structure showed no statistically significant differences during different training periods （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The values of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） , heart rate and left atrial systolic mitral flow peak velocity （A） value immediately after the training were significantly increased, while the values of peak early diastolic mitral flow velocity （E） and E/A value were significantly decreased compared with those before the training （P 〈 0. 05）. Compared with those before the training and immediately after the training, the values of heart rate and A were significant, while the values of LVEF and E were significantly increased 6 months after the training （P 〈 0. 05）. E/A value 6 months after the training was higher than that immediately after the training （P 〈 0.05）. The value of left ventricular lateral wall systolic mitral annular velocity （Sin） immediately after training was significantly increased, while the Em/Am value immediately after training was significantly decreased compared with those before the training （P 〈 0.05） , but there were no significant differences in the indexes before the training and 6 months after the training （P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion High intensity training may cause downgrade of cardiac diastolic function and impair heart function slightly in recruits of PLA