中文摘要：

目的：了解北京城乡居民限盐行为现况并分析其影响因素，为开展限盐干预提供科学依据。方法：基于健康信念模式设计问卷，测量人口统计学特征、限盐行为、高血压知识、感知到的高血压易感性、感知到的高血压严重性、限盐益处、限盐主观障碍、限盐客观障碍、自我效能、提示因素。对北京市西城区和顺义区的799名居民（城区396人，农村403人）做问卷调查、盐摄入量跟踪和24小时尿钠（24-hoururinarysodium，24HUNa）测定。结果：城乡居民分别有54．0％（214／396）和26．3％（106／403）经常或每天使用限盐勺，分别有27．5％（109／396）和12．4％（50／403）正确使用限盐勺。城乡居民的日均盐摄入量分别为（5．85±4．17）g和（7．74±4．67）g，24HUNa分别为（113．70±72．57）mmoL和（212．18±105．01）mmoL。客观障碍是农村居民（OR=0．92；95％CI：0．88—0．96；P〈0．01）和城区居民（OR=0．87；95％CI：0．83—0．91；P〈0．01）限盐行为的主要影响因素，农村居民感知到的客观障碍明显多于城区居民，农村居民限盐行为的另一个重要影响因素为是否拥有限盐勺（OR=2．18；95％CI：1．04—4．57；P=0．04）。结论：有必要对现有限盐勺进行改良，并大力提高限盐勺发放率，推广限盐勺使用方法，尤其要将农村居民作为重点干预对象。

英文摘要：

Objective：To investigate salt-restriction behavior and explore related determinants among Beijing residents, so as to provide scientific basis for salt-restriction intervention. Methods： The health belief model （HBM） was applied in designing the questionnaire, in which respondents＇ demographic characteristics, salt-restriction behavior, knowledge on hypertension, perceived susceptibility to hypertension, perceived severity of hypertension, perceived benefits of salt-restriction, perceived subjective barriers of salt-restriction, perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction, self-efficacy and cues to action were measured. Altogether 799 residentsresponsible for cooking in Xicheng district （396 urban residents） and Shunyi district （403 rural residents） in Beijing were investigated by the questionnaire, sah intake follow up, and 24-hour urinary sodium （24HUNa） determination. Results： In the study, 54.0% （ 214/ 396） of urban respondents and 26.3% （106/403） of rural respondents used a salt-restriction-spoon with high frequencies （everyday and often）, while 27.5% （109/396） and 12.4% （50/403） used it correctly. The daily salt intake was （5.85 ±4.17） g and （7.74 ±4.67） g, and the 24HUNa was （113.70 ± 72.57） mmoL and （212.18 ± 105.01） mmoL for urban and rural respondents, respectively. Perceived objective barriers of salt-restriction was animportant determinant of salt-restriction behavior for both the rural （ OR = 0.92 ;95 % CI：0.88 - 0.96 ; P 〈 0.01 ） and urban respondents （ OR = 0.87 ;95 % CI： 0.83 - 0.91 ;P 〈 0.01 ） , which was perceived obviously more by rural respondents than by urban ones. Another important determinant of rural respondents＇ salt-restriction behavior was the owning status of salt-restriction-spoon （ OR =2.18 ;95% CI： 1.04 -4.57 ;P =0.04）. Conclusion： It is necessary to improve current salt-restriction-spoon, enhance its owning rate, and popularize its correct way of using, especially among rural residents.