中文摘要：

本文对以往研究中关于工作时间的同质性假设提出质疑，从付出异质性和回报异质性的新视角出发．研究劳动者的工作时间对职业幸福感的影响及其内在机制。本文首先构建工作时间对职业幸福感的影响模型．认为工作时间过短会损害职业幸福感，当超过一定水平．工作时间对职业幸福感的好处不再增加甚至有害，适度工作则会使职业幸福感最大化。本文强调工作时间具有付出异质性和回报异质性：一是不同职业的劳动者付出相同时间所付出的体力、脑力和情绪负荷存在质的差异，形成不同的健康损耗过程；二是即使付出相同，获得的收入回报却有差异，导致付出一回报失衡，最终使得不同劳动者付出等量时间却形成不同的职业幸福感。通过对农民、产业工人和公务员三种典型职业的问卷调查和实证分析．证实了理论模型的预测。本文认为：适度的工作（6—7小时）可使职业幸福感最大化：随着收入回报的提升，工作时间的曲线影响大小发生改变；这种交互效应在不同职业之间存在差异，形成不同的解释逻辑。以上结论，对政府、企业和劳动者具有重要启示。

英文摘要：

This paper puts forward the main defects existing in the homogeneity assumption of hours worked. Base on the heterogeneity assumption of hours worked, we explore the relationship between hours worked and occupational well-being and the mechanism between them. This study models hours worked effects on occupational well-being, which is operationalized in terms of job satisfaction. It is hypothesized that there is a reversed U shape relation between hours worked and occupational well-being. The efforts heterogeneity and rewards heterogeneity of hours worked is proposed. Firstly, workers＇ health process is different during equivalent hours worked, due to their different types of manual, cognition or emotion. Secondly, although their efforts identical, they acquired different incomes, making efforts-incomes imbalance. Thus even though equivalent hours worked among them, the occupational well-being of workers＇ different. By questionnaire, data were collected from three occupations like farmers, industrial workers and public servants. Theory and empirical analysis of this paper shows that, a moderate hours worked （i.e., 6-7 hours） maximize occupational well-being. The effect of hours worked was stronger for farmers and public servants with high income, but not for industrial workers. The logical explanation of this interaction is different among occupations. The heterogeneity of hours worked has important implications for Chinese government, industry and workers.