中文摘要：

现代社会生态环境问题及人类生存危机的出现，表征着人类社会的可持续发展面临严峻的挑战，人与自然的平衡关系受到严重的破坏。本文挖掘了马克思主义“物质变换”思想，在考察“物质变换”概念的源流和内涵的基础上，深刻分析了马克思主义关于人与自然之间物质变换过程中不可持续发展的严重性及根源，并梳理了马克思主义在制度变迁、观念转变等方面所提出的实现可持续发展的途径。

英文摘要：

The emergence of modem social and ecological environment problems and the survival crisis characterize that the sustainable development of human society is suffering severe challenges and the relation between the mankind and nature is of serious damage. The article analyzes the Marxist ＂material transformation＂ ideology. And on the basis of examining the origin and connotation of the concept, the author deeply analyzes the seriousness and source of material transformation between the human and the nature in the process of unsustainable development. Further more, the author reviews the path to achieve sustainable development that Marxist has put forward in the aspects like institutional change and conception change.