中文摘要：

地下水化学异常是一个重大的世界性环境问题。长期饮用化学异常的地下水可严重影响居民的身体健康,导致各种地方病爆发。在我国,地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒是两类最为典型的地方病。高砷地下水、高氟地下水是地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒爆发的根本原因。这两类地下水主要形成于水文地球化学条件独特的干旱-半干旱内陆盆地。这些盆地一般地下水径流缓慢,蒸发作用强烈,地下水呈弱碱性,水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na型。地下水As含量和F含量是地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒的主要决定因素。

英文摘要：

Abnormality of groundwater chemistry is a world-wide environmental issue.Long-term digestion of groundwater with abnormal chemical components adversely affects human health,resulting in various endemic diseases.Arsenicosis and fluorosis are typical endemic diseases in China.High As groundwater and high F-groundwater are the primary causes for these diseases,respectively.Those groundwaters occur in arid-semiarid inland basin with the special hydrogeochemical conditions,where the groundwater flow is very slow and the evaporation is strong.The waters,mainly HCO3-Na type,are weak alkaline.Concentrations of As and F-are major factors controlling prevalence rates of arsenicosis and fluorosis,respectively.Besides,other groundwater components,habitant nutrition and diet are related to the incidence of the endemic diseases.Since little is known concerning pathogenesis of the diseases,inter-multidiscipline studies should be carried out to fix the issues.