中文摘要：

人们对属于自己的物品比属于他人的物品更容易回忆和再认,即便物品和主体的所有权关联仅仅是暂时的和想象的,这称之为记忆的所有权效应.该效应在非常年幼的幼儿和一些认知缺陷的个体身上也会出现.跨文化研究表明,东方文化的个体和西方文化的个体在该效应的表现上也存在差异.该效应可能是由于对自我相关的项目进行深度语义加工的结果,但其早期阶段可能是因为获得了更多的注意资源分配.自我选择和身体活动的具身化在该效应中起着调节作用.当注视属于自己的项目时,P300等成分波幅明显增强,这为注意在记忆的所有权效应中的作用提供了脑电方面的支持.当被试对分类任务中属于自己的物品进行再认时,会导致内侧前额叶皮质、扣带回皮质、缘上回和顶叶等皮质中线结构的激活.未来研究需要考虑奖赏加工等其他的认知加工在这一效应中的作用,并尝试利用灵长类动物的研究从进化角度对这一现象进行解释.考察认知障碍个体执行该任务时的脑机制,有助于进一步完善本领域的研究.

英文摘要：

Individuals perform better when remembering and recognizing items that belong to themselves other than those belong to others, even if the ownership association between objects and subjects is only transient and imaginary. This is called the ownership effect in memory. This effect occurs also in young children and individuals with cognitive deficits. There is also cross-cultural difference in the appearance of this effect between individuals in Eastern and Western culture. Researchers have explored some internal mechanism of this effect, such as semantic organization, attention, self-choice and physical actions. At the time subjects watch items belong to themselves, there is an enhanced P300, which supplies an electrical proof that attention plays an important role in the ownership effect in memory. When subjects are to recognize items that are classified as their own in the prior ownership classification task, some brain regions in cortical midline structure, such as medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex supramarginal gyri and parietal cortex, are activated. Future studies should consider the role of some other processing （such as reward learning） in this effect, and to explain this phenomenon from an evolutionary perspective by conducting studies with primates. Tapping the brain mechanism of individuals with cognitive impairment will be helpful to enrich studies in this field.