中文摘要：

四猛冲有改变的车站密度的观察网络在中国被维持。他们是：全球气候观察系统(GCOS ) 表面网络(GSN ) ，国家引用气候网络(RCN ) ，国家基本气象学的网络(BMN ) ，和国家平常的气象学的网络(OMN ) 。GSN， RCN， BMN 和 BMN (R&B ) 广泛地在气候学和气候变化研究被使用了。在这份报纸，中国的降水气候学上的不同网络的用法的影响被把所有车站网络(ASN ) 的合并数据集用作一个基准评估。结果证明所有网络能捕获国家一般水准降水和它的变化趋势的主要特征。从 ASN 的各种各样的网络的平均年度降水的差别是不到 50 公里(10%) 。所有网络能成功地在 19612009 期间检测平均年度降水的升起的趋势，与展出最好的代表性(仅仅 2.90% 相对差别) 和 GSN 的 R&B 最差(39.77%) 。至于国家一般水准月刊降水的变化趋势，当 R&B (1.27%) ， RCN (2.35%) ， BMN (4.17%) ，和 GSN (7.46%) ，和更大的相对差别从 8 月出现到 11 月，网络能在下顺序被评价。网络生产年度降水变化趋势的相当一致的空间模式，并且都在华中的诺思中国，东北中国，和部分在西北和东南中国，和一个减少的趋势显示出降水的一个增加的趋势。然而， BMN 和 R&B 的代表性在年度、季节的降水趋势更好，尽管有他们仍然是远非令人满意的事实。在一些月和区域内的趋势的相对差别甚至到达超过 50% 。因为 RCN 有车站的更同类的分布，结果也证明为国家一般水准降水的 RCN 的代表性比 BMN 的高。

英文摘要：

Four precipitation observational networks with varied station densities are maintained in China. They are： the Global Climate Observation System （GCOS） Surface Network （GSN）, the national Reference Climate Network （RCN）, the national-Basic Meteorological Network （BMN）, and the national Ordinary Meteorolog- ical Network （OMN）. The GSN, RCN, BMN, and the merged network of RCN and BMN （R＆B） have been widely used in climatology and climate change studies. In this paper, the impact of the usage of different networks on the precipitation climatology of China is evaluated by using the merged dataset of All Station Network （ASN） as a benchmark. The results show that all networks can capture the main features of the country average precipitation and its changing trends. The differences of average annual precipitation of the various networks from that of the ASN are less than 50 mm （≤ 10%）. All networks can successfully detect the rising trend of the average annual precipitation during 1961-2009, with the R＆B exhibiting the best representativeness （only 2.90% relative difference） and the GSN the poorest （39.77%）. As to the change trends of country average monthly precipitation, the networks can be ranked in descending order as R＆B （1.27%）, RCN （2.35%）, BMN （4.17%）, and GSN （7.46%）, and larger relative differences appear from August to November. The networks produce quite consistent spatial patterns of annual precipitation change trends, and all show an increasing trend of precipitation in Northwest and Southeast China, and a decreasing trend in North China, Northeast China, and parts of central China. However, the representativeness of the BMN and R＆B are better in annual and seasonal precipitation trends, in spite of the fact that they are still far from satisfactory. The relative differences of trends in some months and regions even reach more than 50%. The results also show that the representativeness of the RCN for country average precipitation is high