中文摘要：

通过研究在不同条件下钠蒙脱土（Na-MMT）晶层间距的变化情况，分析了不同电性的聚合物及K，Na＋，Ca2＋对Na—MMT晶层间距变化的影响。结果表明：聚合物溶液抑制Na-MMT晶层间距的膨胀不明显；K，Na＋，Ca2＋对晶层间距的影响随阳离子种类和浓度的不同而不同，并且Na—MMT晶层间距膨胀过程中发生了蒙脱土与溶液的离子交换。最后，在对离子交换定量分析的基础上对水溶液中K，Na＋，Ca2＋影响Na—MMT晶层间距膨胀的机制进行了分析。

英文摘要：

The swelling characteristics of interlayer spacing （d0m） of Na-montmorillonite （Na-MMT） are analyzed in different polymer and electrolyte solutions. It is found that due to its huge volume in aqueous solution, the polymer molecule can not inserted into the interlayer of Na-MMT and hardly has remarkable effect on the expansion of the interlayer spacing; on the other hand, the electrolytes, especially KC1, can inhibit the expansion of the interlayer spacing. In addition, the inhibition ability varies with the category and concentration of the cations. Further studies show that the process of interlayer spacing expansion is accompanied with the ion-exchange between the MMT and the solution, and that the ion-exchange capacity exhibits certain correlation with the change of interlayer spacing. The interaction between the cations and the internal space of the crystal layer is the key factor to influence the expansion of interlayer spacing, and interlayer spacing is finally determined based on the concentration, ion hydration radius and the ability to attract crystal layer of the cationic.