中文摘要：

1964年盖尔曼和兹威格分别提出“基本粒子”由夸克或艾斯组成。至今，这一领域仍是粒子物理研究的前沿领域。经过50年的发展，夸克（艾斯）理论取得诸多辉煌成就。文章简要地回顾了夸克的提出过程及随后实验和理论方面的进展。

英文摘要：

The concept that quarks （or aces） are the fundamental building blocks of＆quot;ele-mentary particles＆quot;was proposed independently by Gell-man and Zweig in 1964. Since then, the field has always been at the frontier of particle physics. After 50 years of development, numerous outstanding achievements both in experiment and theory have been accomplished. In this paper, how the quark （or aces） was proposed and the subsequent development of theoretical and experi-mental investigations are briefly reviewed.