中文摘要：

目的通过观察自幼年至老年阶段不同月龄SD人鼠的行为学实验变化，评价增龄与学习、记忆功能之间的关系。方法雄性SD大鼠84只，分别为1月龄16只、3月龄16只、6月龄20只、18月龄19只和24月龄13只，分别进行Morris水迷宫和通道式水迷宫实验两种行为学实验。结果1月龄至6月龄大鼠的水迷宫实验成绩逐步提高，6月龄大鼠的逃避潜伏期和游泳距离最短，后3d的逃避潜伏期分别为（23．22±16．62）s、（11．59±8．51）s、（9．66±5．63）s，游泳距离分别为（596．83±443．18）cm、（254．39±218．75）cm、（229．80±128．00）cm；进入盲端的错误反应次数最少，与其他各组相比，均差异有显著性；而6月龄以后大鼠的水迷宫实验成绩缓慢下降，至24月龄时成绩与1月龄相似。结论大鼠的学习、记忆能力在6月龄之前呈现逐渐增强趋势，6月龄时达到最高点，以后缓慢下降，至24月龄时降至1月龄水平。

英文摘要：

Objective To observe the changes of behavior from infancy to agedness Sprague Dawley rats, and correlate age-increasing with learning and memory ability. Methods 84 male Sprague Dawley rats were studied： aged 1 month （n=16）, 3 months （n=16） , 6 months （n=20） , 18 months （n=19）, and24 months （ n = 13）. The rats were put through the Morris water maze test and the straight-channel maze test. Results Rats showed increasing improvement in the water maze test from 1 month to 6 inonths of age; 6-month-old rats had the shortest escape latency time and shortest swim distance, as well as the least number of errors in encountering blind ends. After 6 months of age performance began to deteriorate progressively, declining to that of a one-month-old rat at 24 months of age. Conclusion Learning and memory ability of rats shows incrbasing improvement from birth, reaching a peak at 6 months of age; from then it begins to suffer progressive deterioration, declining to that of a one-month-old rat at 24 months of age. Changes in the above-mentioned ability may be related to hippocampal synaptic development.