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塔里木河下游土壤特性及荒漠化程度研究

ISSN号：1009-2242
期刊名称：《水土保持学报》
时间：0
分类：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011, [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039
相关基金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目（KZCX2-XB-03）、国家自然科学基金（90502004）和国家支撑项目（2006BAC01A03）共同资助

关键词：塔里木河, 土壤特性, 荒漠化, Tarim River, soil property desertification

中文摘要：

通过对塔河下游土壤理化性质的分析,结果表明塔河下游土壤除全磷外,有机质等指标存在垂直分布差异,出现显著差异的土层深度为50 cm。在0-15 cm范围,距离河道不同距离处土壤含水量无显著差异,自15cm深度开始,距河道50m处土壤各土层含水量与距河道距离为300,500 m处含水量有显著差异,而距河道距离为300 m与500 m处土壤含水量之间则无显著差异。在0-50 cm土层,塔河下游土壤全氮（y）与有机质（x）之间的最佳模型为线性模型,方程为y=0.0278＋0.05x（R^2=0.9524）,在50-170 cm土层,二者之间关系为：y=0.0659e^0.3126x（R^2=0.904）。依据土壤质量不同,塔河下游基本可分为上段和下段,上段土壤养分含量相对较高。塔河下游地区上层土壤（0-50 cm）50年来养分损失严重,有机质含量下降显著,土壤pH值升高,土壤荒漠化程度严重。

英文摘要：

The soil physical and chemical characteristics were examned in the lower reaches of Tarim River,southern Xinjiang. The results showed that the indices of soil properties including organic matter, total nitrogen, total kalium and so on except total phosphor existed vertical difference among different soil layers and the layer producing significant difference was at 50 cm depth of soil. About the water content of soil in the 0-15 cm depth, there were not obvious difference among different places which had various distances away from river course of Tarim River. From 15cm depth the water content of each soil layer locating at 50 m site was greatly different from the water content of each layer locating at 300m or 500m site, but the water content of each soil layer of 300m site was similar to 500m site＇s. In a 0-50cm depth, the content of total N （y） has obvious linear relation with the content of organic matter Cr）（y = 0. 0278 ＋ 0.05x,R^2 =0. 9524）. In a 50-170 cm depth, it shows exponential relation （y = 0. 0659e^0.3126x, R^2 = 0. 904）. According to soil quality, the lower reaches of Tarim River is generally divided into upper parts and lower parts and the content of nutrition in upper parts soil is high relative ly. In the past fifty years, the degree of soil desertification in the lower reaches of the Tarim River turned more worse, for example, the soil organic matter decreased hardly and the soil pH value increased obviously.

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