中文摘要：

近年来，低碳经济日渐兴盛，低碳工具对低碳经济发展起到重要助推作用，碳税、碳交易通过碳定价等方式有力地改善了气候环境，但对经济产业格局、社会福利等方面有利有弊，影响复杂。碳金融拓展了低碳经济的边界，吸引投资者参与碳市场，同时有效防范市场风险。在低碳工具的研究中，国外理论早已进行了多角度、深层次的理论探索，国内研究也逐渐丰富。文章对国内外碳税、碳交易、碳金融的实践及相关文献进行了梳理和整合，阐述与评论了这种工具的理论渊源和内涵、探索实践、制度分析、效应评价等研究成果，认为现有研究尚未形成一个系统的理论体系，仍存有较多缺陷，并对下一步各种工具的交叉配合、碳交易制度改革、碳金融产品定价及设计等研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Low- carbon economy has been flourishing in recent years with low-carbon instruments significantly promoting its development. Although helping to improve climate environment dramatically through carbon price-fixing and other ways, carbon tax and carbon trading pose complicated influence on such aspects as economic industry structure and social welfare. Meanwhile, carbon finance expands the boundary of low-carbon economy, attracting investors into carbon market while preventing market risks. In terms of low - carbon instrument research, foreign researchers have made multi-angle and deep theoretical explorations, and domestic researchers have gradually enriched their theories. This paper sorts out and integrates foreign and domestic practice and relevant literature on carbon tax, carbon trading and carbon finance, explains and comments on the theoretical sources and their connotation, practice exploration, system analysis, effect evaluation and other research findings about the above-mentioned three instruments, and finally conducts a prospect on such research orientation as multi-instrument integration, carbon trading system reform, carbon finance pricing and design, based on the assumption that the existing research has some defects and not yet formed a scientific theory system.