中文摘要：

目的：近年来天然无细胞基质移植物被应用于动物实验模型中，并显示出广阔的应用前景，本文着重介绍天然无细胞基质移植物的特点、制备及其在膀胱重建中的应用。 资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline1995-01／2005-12期间的相关文章，检索词为“tissue engineering,bladder”，限定文章语言种类为English。并检索了CBMdisc数据库1995-01／2005-12以及CMCC数据库最新卷的中文相关文献，限定文章语言种类为中文，检索词为“组织工程，膀胱”。 资料选择：纳入标准：阅读检索文章摘要，选取中、英文关于组织工程、支架和膀胱重建的文献，实验研究选取随机、对照研究，近5年发表的文献优先；排除重复文献及非中英文文献。 资料提炼：Medline中共检索到112篇关于组织工程，支架和膀胱重建的文献，中文相关文献36篇，共纳入21篇，文章内容呈不同程度重复均被排除。资料综合：天然无细胞基质材料主要是将生物的空腔器官通过技术处理将细胞成分去除，仅剩下无细胞的基质，这种材料富含胶元、弹性蛋白、平滑肌的结构和血管的框架，可用于空腔器官的修补与替代。膀胱无细胞基质移植物的制备过程结束后，膀胱由原来的颜色变为白色的无细胞基质．但仍维持其原来的袋样形态。尽管再生组织的肌肉含量少于正常，但同以往的膀胱替代结果相比，能出现肌肉的再生已经显示出了小肠黏膜下层的优越性。鼠膀胱无细胞基质移植物膀胱扩大术后平滑肌再生和体内膀胱功能恢复的时间依赖性发现，移植4个月时，膀胱无细胞基质移植物再生膀胱的神经长入与正常的鼠膀胱无明显差异。将多层细胞覆盖支架，可避免尿液与支架的直接接触，减少炎症反应，更能形成解剖和功能更为精确的复原的膀胱。用于膀胱重建的天然无细胞基质移植物主要有小肠黏

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE： In recent years, natural acellular matrix graft has been applied to the animal experimental models and showed wide prospect, In this paper, we mainly introduce the characteristics, preparation of natural acellular matrix graft and its application in bladder reconstruction, DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline was conducted for English related articles from January 1995 to December 2005 with the keywords of “tissue engineering, bladder”, Meanwhile, the relative articles between January 1995 and December 2005 in CBMdisc database and the latest Chinese articles in CMCC database were searched with the same keywords. STUDY SELECTION： The Chinese and English articles about tissue engineering, scaffold and bladder reconstruction were selected by going through the abstracts; the randomized and controlled experimental researches were included and the papers published in recent 5 years were prior to others, The replicated and neither English nor Chinese articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 112 English and 36 Chinese articles on tissue engineering, scaffold and bladder reconstruction were searched, and 21 articles were selected. The replicated articles were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS： The natural acellular matrix material, which was prepared by removing the cellular components from cavity organs with only acellular matrix left, was composed of rich collagen, elastin, structure of smooth .muscle and frame of blood vessel, and could be used to repair and replace the cavity organs, After the preparation of bladder acellular matrix graft, the color of the bladder turned into white aceUular matrix, but the bladder still kept the bag-like shape, Although the muscle content of the regenerative tissue was less than the normal state, the appearance of the muscle had proved the superiority of the intestinal submucosa compared with the former results of bladder replacement. The regeneration of smooth muscle after cystectasy by acellular matrix graft and the time dependenc