中文摘要：

班级是中小学生生活和学习的重要微观环境之一,良好的班级生态系统可以促进个体发展。近年来,越来越多的研究者开始关注班级生态系统下的学生学校适应问题。然而,对于班级生态系统的概念、结构和特征,以及何种形态下的班级生态系统有利于学生的学校适应等问题目前尚缺乏系统梳理。本文首先阐述班级生态系统中同伴生态系统、师生互动系统的内涵、功能以及二者之间的交互作用;其次,评述同伴生态系统、师生互动系统以及二者交互作用对中小学生的学校适应的影响;最后,分析班级生态系统研究中存在的不足并提出了对今后研究的展望。本文以整合的视角,试图探讨班级生态系统对中小学生的学校适应的独特影响,从班级生态学的角度,为指导我国中小学的教育实践提供了全新的视角和理论支持。

英文摘要：

By taking an integrated approach, the essay investigates how classroom ecology may impact on students＇ school adaptation at different levels. In recent years, an increasing number of researches have focused on students＇ adaptation from the perspective of classroom ecology, with particular reference to the primary and secondary school. However, the concept, structure, and characteristic of classroom ecology, as well as what characterizes a classroom ecology that may promote students＇ adaptation, have not yet been established. To clarify this issue, we first introduce the characteristics of classroom peer ecology and teacher-student ecological interaction, and discuss how they interact in detail with each other. Then, some key social effects of classroom ecology at stake are reviewed. Finally, problems existing in the current researches and future development are discussed. This is an attempt important to the theory and practice for Chinese primary and secondary school education.