中文摘要：

抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗外来微生物入侵时产生的一类防御性小肽，在自然界分布广泛，是机体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。与传统的抗生素相比，抗菌肽分子质量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特、具有广谱的抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤等活性，且不易诱发细菌产生耐药性等特点。随着细菌耐药问题不断出现及新型抗菌肽的陆续发现，抗菌肽的抗菌活性、溶血性及细胞毒性的机制已成为研究的热点。笔者主要对抗菌肽的分子改造及活性机制的最近研究进展进行阐述，以期为抗菌肽的分子设计改造和应用提供科学的参考依据。

英文摘要：

The antimicrobial peptides （AMPs） are a class of defense peptides that widely exist in nature, which are impor- tant components of the innate immune system. Compared to antibiotics, AMPs have some good quality, such as small molecu lar weight, good water solubility, thermal stability and unique antibiotic mechanism. They can also restrain virus, fungus and even tumour. With the appearance of multidrug-resistant （MDR） bacteria and the increasing of new AMPs, the study focuses on it＇s mechanism of biological activity. This paper summarizes the biological activity mechanism and molecular modification of AMPs, so as to provide theory basis for the molecular modification and the application of AMPs.