中文摘要：

城市热岛效应作为一种有害的环境问题,普遍存在于大中型城市中,主要是由城市化发展造成。城市发展既要考虑经济建设,又要注意保护生态环境,因此,应合理规划城市绿地的建设,使其能够平衡经济发展和生态环境的关系,有效的缓解热岛效应。在较大城市中,城市绿地的分布并非完全均质化,而是随着区位的不同而变化。了解绿地区位因素对生态环境的影响,可以优化绿地资源的配置,解决城市化建设与生态保护的矛盾。以北京市海淀区为研究区,以100 m×100 m的格网为评价单元,从绿地需求的角度选取多种评价指标,构建绿地需求度综合指数,并根据结果将研究区划分为高绿地需求区、中绿地需求区和低绿地需求区3个生态区位。对不同生态区位绿地对周边环境降温的效果进行研究,得到了不同生态区位的最佳绿地斑块面积范围分别为高绿地需求区1.4~22 hm~2、中绿地需求区1.6~24 hm~2、低绿地需求区0.24~17 hm~2,其结果可以为绿地的区域优化建设提供一定的参考。

英文摘要：

Urban heat island refers to a phenomenon that the temperature of the central unban is much higher than that of the surrounding suburbs. It is a harmful environmental problem which is mainly caused by urban development and the increase of population. The problem of thermal environment in the large and medium-sized cities is increasing day by day, which has already affected the daily life and the health of residents. As an essential part of ecological system, urban green patch plays an important role in adjusting urban thermal environment, improving urban climate and maintaining urban ecological environment by changing atmospheric water thermal cycle. In our developing country, rapid development of urban economy leads to a large number of land occupied by urban construction. The development of urban should not only be considered in the economic construction, but attention should be paid to protection of the ecological environment. At present, large quantities of researches have proved that expanding the scale of green space is the most economic and effective measure to alleviate urban heat island and improve urban thermal environment. However, less consideration has been taken to location differences of green space cooling effect. Reasonably projecting the construction of urban green space can balance the relationship of economic development and ecological environment and relieve the heat island effect effectively, according to the characteristics of different locations. The influence of locational factors on ecological environment can not only optimize the distribution of green space resources, but also resolve conflicts between the construction of urbanization and the protection of ecological system. At present, the research about the relation between urban green space and the heat island effect has been very mature, but the study of cooling effect of different regional green space is less. This study took Haidian district in Beijing as the study area, with 100m grids as evaluation unit. To select sorts of evalua