中文摘要：

利用1961-2010年西北干旱区107个气象台站观测资料,基于气候学统计方法,分析西北干旱区50年来极端最高、最低气温的时空变化特征和规律.研究表明：西北干旱区极端最高、最低气温呈非对称性增长,极端最低气温增暖趋势明显高于极端最高气温,从而导致极差呈减小趋势,天山山区尤其显著.西北干旱区极端最高气温暖中心分布于准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地;极端最低气温在空间分布上表现出一定的近纬向分布特征,温度梯度变化显著.20世纪末期至今,西北干旱区极端最高、最低气温均呈现明显的增暖趋势;极端最高气温在1997,2000年出现异常偏暖现象;极端最低气温1967年出现异常偏冷现象,比多年均值偏低3.9℃.

英文摘要：

With the global climate warming, the research on regional extreme climate changes has assumed particular significance. Based on climatological statistical methods and the meteorological data of 107 stations over arid areas of Northwest China during the period of 1961-2010, the spatial and temporal characteristics and laws of the minimum and maximum temperature were analyzed. The results show that the extreme minimum and maximum temperature had undergone an asymmetric growth. The warming trend of extreme minimum temperature was obviously higher than that of the maximum temperature, which resulted in a different decreasing trend, especially in Tianshan Mountains. The extreme minimum temperature of arid areas of Northwest China showsed a nearly zonal distribution and the temperature gradient variation was significant. The warm centers of extreme maximum temperature were located in the Junggar Basin and Tarim Basin. Since the late 20 th century, the extreme minimum and maximum had takn on a significant warming trend. The extreme minimum temperature exhibited an anomalous cold phenomenon in 1967 and the extreme maximum temperature brought about an anomalous warm phenomenon in 1997 and 2000 respectively.